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br Introduction Adipose tissue AT in addition to its functio
2022-04-26
Introduction Adipose tissue (AT), in addition to its function as Tovok storage, is an important endocrine organ and it secretes adipokines (Ahima, 2006). Adipose tissue is related to different physiological processes such as energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and inflammation. One important
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br Results br Discussion Cell contact mediated spread
2022-04-26
Results Discussion Cell-contact-mediated spread of HIV-1 has been estimated to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient compared to passive dissemination of particles through the extracellular milieu. Thus, this form of viral transmission can have significant effects on the pathogenesi
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Previously we have shown that the natural flavonoid
2022-04-26
Previously, we have shown that the natural flavonoid compounds that possess C-4 ketone group and C-5 hydroxy group, such as baicalein, luteolin, myricetin and quercetin, effectively inhibit human GLO I. Considering our interest in inhibitors of GLO I and based on the rationale mentioned above, struc
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Ubiquitination of GlyRs subunit on plasma
2022-04-26
Ubiquitination of GlyRs-α1 subunit on plasma membrane has been shown to initiate the receptor 7 8 dhf receptor and subsequent degradation in lysosomes (Buttner et al., 2001). However, the specific E3 ligase responsible for GlyRs-α1 ubiquitination is largely unknown as yet. Also, the functional conse
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br Materials and methods br Results
2022-04-25
Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Notes Declaration of interest statement Acknowledgment This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21775132, 21505112), Scientific Research Foundation of Hunan Provincial Education Departm
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Fig illustrates the different signaling pathways
2022-04-22
Fig. 1 illustrates the different signaling pathways elicited or modulated by H3R activation. Collectively, the modulation of the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters through H3R activation could be linked to several neurological disorders such as sleep disorders like narcolepsy, Alzheime
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br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgments We thank Professo
2022-04-22
Conflict of interest Acknowledgments We thank Professor Chen Rui (Southeast University, China) for providing plasmid P1P2N-HIF1. This study was supported by research grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (81573189, 81730087). Introduction The consumption of large amount
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OS has a key role in the pathogenesis
2022-04-22
OS has a key role in the pathogenesis of micro- and macrovascular diabetic complications [3]. There is now convincing evidence that the enzymes that generate ROS and gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide (NO) and CO, are redox regulated at both the transcription and activity levels, and are also im
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In our study SHH protein overexpression
2022-04-22
In our study, SHH protein overexpression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis which is in agreement with the study done by Marechal et al. wherein they have reported that SHH is a prognostic biomarker in PDAC and high levels correlate with lymph node metastasis (Maréchal et al., 2
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Lastly certain populations of immune cells may be Hh respons
2022-04-22
Lastly, certain populations of immune cells may be Hh responsive. Although PC have not been demonstrated in healthy liver-resident macrophages or lymphocytes, macrophages in injured livers have been shown to produce Hh ligands[58], [100], [101] and treating liver-derived macrophages with neutralisin
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UV vis spectra of hsGC proteins were recorded with
2022-04-22
UV–vis spectra of hsGC proteins were recorded with an HP8453 UV–vis spectrophotometer at 20°C. The corresponding ferrous, CO-bound and NO-bound species were prepared with the similar published procedure [7], [15]. The heme transfer reactions were performed by a UV–vis spectrometer with kinetic mode
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The identity of organelles is defined by a particular set
2022-04-22
The identity of organelles is defined by a particular set of molecules present on their surface. Most organelles in the endomembrane system (i.e., endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes) carry Rab GTPases (hereafter referred to as Rabs), which serve as binding platforms for
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The GPR receptor is also emerging as
2022-04-22
The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also
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It was reported that GPR
2022-04-22
It was reported that GPR120 is expressed on macrophages in adipose tissue (Oh et al., 2010). Whether GPR120-positive troglitazone in human and rat pancreas belongs to macrophages was studied. CD68 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue macrophages (Hor
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In addition to vertebrate species GnRH has
2022-04-22
In addition to vertebrate species, GnRH has been identified in invertebrates, such as in the Protochordate Ciona intestinalis (Powell et al., 1996; Adams et al., 2003), the decapods mollusk Octopus vulgaris (Iwakoshi et al., 2002), the gastropod mollusk, the sea hare Aplysia californica (Zhang et al
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