• po1 Given the proposed importance of conformational dynamics

  2021-11-24

  

  Given the proposed importance of conformational dynamics to GCK's allosteric regulation, a number of biophysical methods have been utilized to probe the enzyme's dynamic structural landscape. Investigations into the mechanism of po1 binding, using changes in the enzyme's intrinsic fluorescence to r

• Next we investigated the transfer of peptides and proteins b

  2021-11-24

  

  Next, we investigated the transfer of peptides and proteins between contacting cells by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis using the fractions corresponding to molecules higher than 3 kDa. The MS data analysis revealed the direct transfer of several labelled peptides between receivers and donors. Labelled pepti

• SNOG Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells

  2021-11-24

  

  Gap junctions mediate electrical coupling between cells by conducting direct ionic currents and thereby modulate their electrical activity (Hormuzdi et al., 2004). In the nervous system, electrical coupling organizes network activity by amplifying and synchronizing neuronal firing (Galarreta and Hes

• The results obtained here in int

  2021-11-24

  

  The results obtained here in int-Gr+/+ and int-Gr−/− mice suggested that Gr is required to maintain basal level of Fgf15 expression in the ileum, whereas DEX treatment is able to reduce Fgf15 mRNA in a Gr-independent manner. In previous in vitro studies we have already shown that GC are able to affe

• br Molecular mechanisms and pathways for ferroptosis regulat

  2021-11-24

  

  Molecular mechanisms and pathways for ferroptosis regulation As to the regulation of lipid peroxidation, iron and related ROS metabolism involved in ferroptosis, many molecular mechanisms and pathways have been presented. It is generally believed that cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc−, GPX4

• The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is

  2021-11-24

  

  The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of F1,6BP to F6P. This activity is induced by diabetes and starvation and is increased in diabetic rats. The level of FBPase can be normalized by insulin, however, similar information is not available from diabetic patients. FBPa

• While the dogma of the mainstream considers Hippo

  2021-11-24

  

  While the dogma of the mainstream considers Hippo pathway as a series of size-controlling kinases, there were still some controversial data supporting that YAP, a vital oncoprotein of Hippo downstream, is antagonistic to regenerative proliferation [[20], [21], [22]]. Known for its expansion-driving

• It is important to highlight that glucose dependent

  2021-11-24

  

  It is important to highlight that glucose-dependent generation of OMP of high magnitudes occurs due to the voltage-gating properties of VDACs, because only small magnitudes of OMP were obtained when the VDAC voltage sensitivity was zero (Fig. 5). These results indicate a possible physiological role

• PDEs a group of metallophosphohydrolases

  2021-11-23

  

  PDEs, a group of metallophosphohydrolases, hydrolyze the 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate group on cyclic nucleotides to a 5′-monophosphate, thereby blocking cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cGMP signaling [8,9]. There are different types of PDE isozymes, with different substrate specificities. PDE5 (specific to cGMP) an

• Like other RNA viruses HCV also exhibits a high degree

  2021-11-23

  

  Like other RNA viruses HCV also exhibits a high degree of genetic diversity, creating a major challenge for the development of both HCV vaccines and pan-genotypic therapeutics (Timm and Roggendorf, 2007). The virus has a total of seven genotypes, with >50 subtypes and millions of quasispecies (Cuype

• br Introduction Most organisms require glucose as

  2021-11-23

  

  Introduction Most organisms require glucose as a key metabolite, and it is critical that mammalian cells regulate glucose levels properly to maintain bioenergetic homeostasis. The major transporters responsible for the uptake of glucose from systemic circulation into cells are the GLUTs, members

• Fourthly the distribution sites after i c v

  2021-11-23

  

  Fourthly, the distribution sites after i.c.v. injection of FAM-ghrelin(1–7)-NH2 were explored in mice using the technologies of fluorescence labeling. The green fluorescence of FAM-ghrelin(1–7)-NH2 was strongly distributed in these structures of lateral ventricle, lateral septal nucleus, dorsal part

• No specific inhibitor of KCC has progressed to clinical tria

  2021-11-23

  

  No specific inhibitor of KCC has progressed to clinical trials, however, although compounds like H74 were shown to specifically target KCC over the related Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC) (Ellory et al., 1990). This molecule, or its related analogues, represent compounds of promise. Simple Mg suppl

• Given the major differences between the molecular regulation

  2021-11-22

  

  Given the major differences between the molecular regulation of the genes encoding HO-1 (HMOX1) in mice and humans, it is not appropriate to utilize mouse models for mechanistic analyses of human HMOX1[35]. In addition, it has been reported that drugs, such as statins, as well as stressors and the r

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2021-11-22

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Dex has been shown to induce apoptosis in osteoblastic cell lines (MC3T3-E1, UAMS-32 cell) [24], [25]. Consistent with previous reports, we find high-dose Dex (1 or 5 μM) can induce apoptosis of MC3T3-E1 5 03 mg within 24 h as evidenced by Annexin V

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