• The findings of Qiu et

  2020-12-07

  

  The findings of Qiu et al. (2016) represent the first instance of a Ub-specific mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, as well as the first documentation of E1/E2 independent ubiquitination. Post-translational modification of Ub certainly adds layers of complexity to our understanding of the Ub signal and sh

• Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex PDHc catalyzes th

  2020-12-07

  

  Pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex (PDHc) catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, and subsequently acetylates coenzyme A (CoA) to acetyl-CoA during the tricarboxylic DBU synthesis metabolic pathway using thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) and Mg2+ as cofactors. PDHc poses a key role i

• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis

  2020-12-07

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition Fig

  2020-12-07

  

  Mitochondrial depolarization induced by DHODH inhibition (Figure 5A) may also contribute to the selective effects of DHODH inhibitors on KRAS mutant cells. If so, the effect may arise more from pro-apoptotic effects of mitochondrial depolarization (Lemasters et al., 1998) than from impaired oxidativ

• Immunofluorescence Cells were fixed with

  2020-12-04

  

  Immunofluorescence. Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) in PBS and extracted by 0.5% Triton X-100-PBS, or fixed in cold methanol. The cells were immunostained with mouse monoclonal Silicristin against α-tubulin (Sigma), γ-tubulin (Sigma), Ran (Upstate), rabbit polyclonal antibodies agai

• Errors are detected by comparing the output data

  2020-12-04

  

  Errors are detected by comparing the output data against an error free reference. After error detection, the process is restarted so that only one error is accounted. The susceptibility is inferred by the ratio between injected events and detected errors: = 100×errors÷events%. Error rates are obtai

• The mechanism underlying the increased PON

  2020-12-04

  

  The mechanism underlying the increased PON1 levels found in greenhouse workers may be accounted for by an increased protein mek inhibitor following pesticide interaction with different nuclear receptors as also occurs with other chemicals, such as polyphenols and statins [28]. A number of nuclear re

• In addition to carbamates organophosphates are

  2020-12-04

  

  In addition to carbamates, organophosphates are classic inhibitors of cholinesterases. Previous studies with aquatic organisms have demonstrated their sensitivity to such chemicals. For example, individuals of the freshwater fish Colossoma macropomum exposed to the organophosphate dichlorvos, chlorp

• RCT pathway plays a critical role in

  2020-12-04

  

  RCT pathway plays a critical role in the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis by facilitating the cholesterol clearance and cholesterol efflux (Levinson & Wagner, 2015). In the process of RCT, ABCA1 and ABCG1 played as crucial regulators in cholesterol efflux (Yasuda et al., 2011). Compared with h

• SS is a high grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma

  2020-12-04

  

  SS is a high-grade malignant soft tissue sarcoma accounting for 5%–10% of soft tissue sarcomas. After RMS, SS is the most common sarcoma in children, adolescents and young adults [9]. SS originates primarily in the lower (62%) and upper (21%) extremities but may occur at any anatomic site [9], [10].

• br Iterative design approach overview An iterative design

  2020-12-04

  

  Iterative design approach overview An iterative design strategy is used to identify a peptidase-resistant reporter that acts as an efficient substrate for kinases in cell lysates as well as intact cells (Fig. 1). In this process, small-scale, rationally designed libraries are used to screen pepti

• From an industrial perspective the low turnover

  2020-12-04

  

  From an industrial perspective, the low turnover numbers and limited substrate scope of α-KG halogenases still represents a significant challenge. However, in light of the fact that currently no chemical processes are available for the selective halogenation of aliphatic carbon centers in complex mo

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We

  2020-12-04

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We wish to thank Arantza Pérez (University of the Basque Country) for her technical contribution to this study. This work was supported by grants from the Jesús Gangoiti-Barrera Foundation, Gobierno Vasco (GIC07/84), MEC () and SAIOTEK (SA-2008/00046).

• A factor that complicates the use of human liver

  2020-12-04

  

  A factor that complicates the use of human liver adenosine diphosphate is one of variability, which arises in part because many of the human liver samples available for research show various stages of a variety of disease states (steatosis (fatty liver), cirrhosis, carcinogenesis in adjacent tissue

• GSK2269557 australia Neuronal cells have highly developed ER

  2020-12-04

  

  Neuronal GSK2269557 australia have highly developed ER, which makes them susceptible to loss of ER function following exposure to various agents, which leads to apoptosis (Lindholm et al., 2006, Katayama et al., 2004). Multiple pathways may be involved in ER stress-initiated apoptosis. Among them,

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